Digestion and Absorption — NEET UG practice

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Sample questions with solutions

Q1 · 2023

Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by

  • A.

    Ileo-caecal valve

  • B.

    Gastro-oesophageal sphincter

  • C.

    Pyloric sphincter

  • D.

    Sphincter of Oddi

Answer: A

  1. Locate the caecum. The caecum is the pouch-like structure where the small intestine (ileum) joins the large intestine, and undigested/unabsorbed food material passes into it from the ileum.

  2. Identify the valve at this junction. So, at this specific ileum–caecum junction, there is a valve called the ileo-caecal valve, whose job is to allow one-way movement of material and prevent it from flowing backward into the ileum.

  3. Eliminate the other structures. The gastro-oesophageal sphincter controls the opening between the oesophagus and stomach, the pyloric sphincter controls the opening between the stomach and duodenum, and the sphincter of Oddi controls the opening of the common hepato-pancreatic duct into the duodenum — none of these are located near the caecum.

  4. Conclusion. Hence, the backflow at the caecum is prevented by the ileo-caecal valve, making Option A correct.

Q2 · 2023

Match List I with List II.

List IList II
(A)CCK(I)Kidney
(B)GIP(II)Heart
(C)ANF(III)Gastric gland
(D)ADH(IV)Pancreas

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

  • A.

    A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

  • B.

    A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

  • C.

    A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

  • D.

    A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Answer: D

  1. Understand the approach. Each of these is a hormone, and this question asks us to match each hormone with the organ it primarily acts upon or is released from.

  2. CCK (Cholecystokinin). This hormone acts on the gall bladder and the pancreas, stimulating the release of bile juice and pancreatic enzymes respectively. So, (A) CCK → (IV) Pancreas.

  3. GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide). This hormone's main role is to inhibit the secretion and motility of the gastric gland in the stomach. So, (B) GIP → (III) Gastric gland.

  4. ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor). This hormone is released from the walls of the atria of the heart and helps regulate blood pressure. So, (C) ANF → (II) Heart.

  5. ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone). This hormone acts mainly on the kidney, promoting reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the distal tubules. So, (D) ADH → (I) Kidney.

  6. Conclusion. Combining all matches gives A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I, so the correct answer is Option D.

Q3 · 2023

Diacetyl morphine is also called as :

  • A.

    Amphetamine

  • B.

    Barbiturate

  • C.

    Crack

  • D.

    Smack

Answer: D

  1. Identify the compound. Diacetylmorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid drug that is chemically derived from morphine, which itself comes from the opium poppy plant.

  2. Recall its common names. This compound is widely known by the street name "heroin," and it is also referred to as "smack" in common drug-abuse terminology.

  3. Eliminate the other options. Amphetamine is a stimulant drug, barbiturate is a sedative/depressant drug, and crack is a smokable form of cocaine — none of these are chemically related to diacetylmorphine.

  4. Conclusion. Hence, the correct answer is Option D: Smack.

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