Morphology of Flowering Plants — NEET UG practice

1. Recall the two broad categories of inflorescence.

Inflorescence is classified based on how flowers are arranged on the floral axis: racemose and cymose.

2. Understand the growth pattern in racemose inflorescence.

Here, the main axis continues to grow indefinitely and does not end in a flower, so the growth is unlimited, ruling out options (A) and (C).

3. Understand how flowers are borne along this axis.

Since the main axis keeps growing, the youngest flowers are near the tip and the oldest flowers are near the base, meaning flowers open in an acropetal succession (from base towards the apex).

4. Contrast this with cymose inflorescence and eliminate option (B).

In cymose inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower (limited growth), and "flowers are solitary" describes neither type generally, so option (B) is not correct here.

Hence, the answer is option D: flowers are borne in an acropetal succession.

1. Recall the meaning of placentation and go through each type one by one.

Placentation describes the arrangement of the placenta (which bears ovules) within the ovary, and different families show characteristic types.

2. Identify the example for marginal placentation.

The placenta forms along the ventral suture in a single-chambered ovary, typical of pea.

So, A (Marginal) matches II (Pea).

3. Identify the example for axile placentation.

Ovules attach to a central axis in a multi-chambered ovary, as seen in lemon.

So, B (Axile) matches IV (Lemon).

4. Identify the example for parietal placentation.

Ovules develop on the inner ovary wall or on peripheral parts formed by fused carpel margins, seen in mustard.

So, C (Parietal) matches I (Mustard).

5. Identify the example for basal placentation.

A single ovule is attached at the base of the ovary, as in marigold.

So, D (Basal) matches III (Marigold).

Hence, the full match A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III corresponds to option A.

1. Recall the general floral characters of the Solanaceae family (potato family).

Solanaceae flowers are typically bisexual and actinomorphic (radially symmetric), which matches statement (a).

2. Check the calyx feature.

The calyx consists of five sepals that are gamosepalous (united), which matches statement (b).

3. Check the androecium feature.

The androecium has five stamens attached to the petals, which is called epipetalous, matching statement (c).

4. Check the ovary feature.

In Solanaceae, the ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, and superior, not inferior, so statement (d) is incorrect.

5. Combine the correct statements.

Since (a), (b), and (c) are correct while (d) is wrong, the correct combination is (a), (b) and (c) only.

Hence, the answer is option B.