Reproductive Health — NEET UG practice

Recall what GIFT stands for. GIFT means Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer. As the name suggests, it involves transferring a gamete (an ovum), not an embryo or zygote.

Understand the procedure. In GIFT, an ovum is collected from a donor female and placed directly into the fallopian tube of another female who is unable to produce her own ova but whose reproductive tract can still support fertilisation and early development. This matches option D, so it is correct.

Check why the other options are wrong. Option A is incorrect because in GIFT the ovum is transferred to the fallopian tube, not the uterus. Options B and C describe the transfer of an early embryo (zygote with up to 8 blastomeres), which is actually the definition of ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer), not GIFT.

Conclusion. Since GIFT specifically involves transferring an ovum (gamete) into the fallopian tube, the correct answer is option D.

Identify what the question is describing. The question describes a technique where a single sperm is picked up and directly injected into an ovum to help it fertilise in the laboratory. This is one of the special assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures used to treat infertility.

Match the description with the correct technique. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is the procedure in which a sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of the ovum to form an embryo in the laboratory. This exactly matches the description in the question, so option D is correct.

Check why the other options are incorrect. Embryo transfer (ET) means placing an already-formed embryo into the uterus or fallopian tube — no sperm injection is involved. GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer) involves transferring an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female — not injecting sperm into an ovum. ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer) involves transferring a zygote or early embryo (up to 8 blastomeres) into the fallopian tube — again, this is not the injection step described.

Conclusion. Since direct injection of sperm into the ovum is the defining feature of ICSI, the correct answer is option D.

Recall what a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is. An STD is an infection that spreads mainly through sexual contact between partners.

Check each option against this definition. Genital warts is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus and spreads through sexual contact, so it is an STD. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and spreads through sexual contact, so it is an STD. Gonorrhoea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and also spreads through sexual contact, so it is an STD.

Identify the odd one out. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it spreads through the air (via droplets from coughing or sneezing), not through sexual contact. So it is not an STD.

Conclusion. Since tuberculosis is the only disease among the options that does not spread sexually, the correct answer is option C.